How is the sum of green, pedestrian clearance, yellow, and all-red times expressed?

The sum of green, pedestrian clearance, yellow, and all-red times is expressed as the split. In traffic signal terminology, the "split" refers to the allocation of time within a traffic signal cycle to each movement or phase. This includes the time assigned for vehicles to proceed (green time), the time for pedestrians to safely cross (pedestrian clearance), the yellow indication that warns vehicles of the impending red phase, and the all-red phase that allows all movements to clear the intersection safely.

Understanding this concept helps in designing effective signal timings that optimize traffic flow and enhance safety for all users at an intersection. The total cycle length encompasses all the phases of a traffic signal, but the split specifically focuses on how that cycle length is allocated among the different movements. Thus, the correct answer reflects how each phase is accounted within the broader context of signal timing.